楊紫芝醫生 (Prof Rosie Young)
Professor Rosie Young, CBE, JP (楊紫芝) – Former Pro-Vice-Chancellor of the University of Hong Kong, Chairman of the Medical Council of Hong Kong, Member of the Hospital Authority of Hong Kong, Council Member of the Royal Australian College of Physicians and CEO of the Sydney Hospital in Sydney, Australia.
從1947年進入香港大學醫學院念書，70年來楊紫芝教授就從來沒有離開過港大，把一生的青春都奉獻給教育事業，春風化雨。可以說，今天行醫的港大醫學院畢業生，大都給她教導過。從第一位醫學院女院長，到第一位女副校長，她是港大的鎮山之寶，地位尊崇。她以86高齡仍堅持教學、研究與診症，在瑪麗醫院教授樓隨時可以見到她的身影，受人敬重。
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Prof Rosie Young studied in Sacred Heart Canossian College.
The order Canossian Sisters of Charity (嘉諾撒仁愛修會) has founded hospitals and a number of schools in the South East Asia, particularly in Hong Kong and Macau.
Sacred Heart Canossian College (Chinese: 嘉諾撒聖心書院) is a Catholic, all-girls’ school. Founded in 1860, the school currently serves under 2,000 students and has been identified as one of the most prestigious schools in Hong Kong.
嘉諾撒聖心書院（Sacred Heart Canossian College）是香港天主教嘉諾撒仁愛修會創辦的津貼女子中學。嘉諾撒聖心書院創立於1860年，是香港第一所女子學校，原名義大利修會學校。
校訓：Via Veritas Vita：此為拉丁文，意思是「道路、真理、生命」，代表學校以耶穌為模範，跟隨祂的足跡。
• Via（道路）- 希望學生自信和快樂地在人生的道路航行，向上主祈禱和以毅力去克服困難。
• Veritas（真理）- 希望學生真誠地說話及做事，並以開放的心態去學習真理和知識。
• Vita（生命）- 希望學生和耶穌基督一樣，以幫助別人的需要為目標，願意分享、服務，甚至作出犧牲。
曾就讀嘉諾撒聖心書院，1947年入讀港大醫學院，當時只得16歲。1953年獲港大內外全科醫學士。1959年獲港大醫學博士。1983年任港大醫學院院長。1985年任港大副校長。1988至1996年任香港醫務委員會主席。1993至1998年出任教育統籌委員會主席。
Professor Rosie Young Tse Tse is a world-renowned medical educationist and researcher, and one of the foremost authorities on endocrinology globally. She is an Emeritus Professor and an Honorary Clinical Professor at the University of Hong Kong.
Professor Young holds an MBBS and an MD from the University of Hong Kong. She joined the University’s Department of Medicine in 1954, and was appointed Professor of Medicine in 1974. In 1983, she became Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, the first woman to hold the position. From 1985-1993, she served as Pro-Vice-Chancellor and Senior Pro-Vice-Chancellor of the University.
One of the world’s leading authorities in endocrinology, Professor Young has published over 100 papers in international peer review scientific journals, in endocrinology, diabetes, and carbohydrate metabolism. She had made immense contributions to research in diabetes mellitus, carbohydrate metabolism in liver disease, thyrotoxicosis and thyrotoxic periodic paralysis.
Professor Young has served as chairperson of many advisory bodies, such as the Medical Council of Hong Kong, the Working Party on Primary Health Care, and the Education Commission, and as a member of the Working Party on Postgraduate Medical Education and Training, the Council of the Hong Kong College of Physicians and the Hospital Authority.
The University of Hong Kong conferred an honorary doctorate upon Professor Young in 1995. She has also been conferred honorary degrees by the Open University of Hong Kong, the City University of Hong Kong and Hong Kong Shue Yan University, and is an Honorary Fellow of the Hong Kong College of Physicians, the Hong Kong College of Family Physicians and the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine. Internationally, she is a Fellow of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of London and of Edinburgh, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow and the Royal Australasian College of Physicians. Professor Young has been an overseas advisor to the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and a Council Member of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians.
Professor Young was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1971, and awarded an OBE in 1987, CBE in 1996, GBS in 2002 and GBM in 2018.
https://www4.hku.hk/honfellows/honorary-university-fellows/professor-rosie-tse-tse-young
Citation delivered by Professor Richard WONG, Provost and Deputy Vice-Chancellor
Mr Pro-Chancellor, in the world of education we often hear about lifelong learning, and indeed, this University is a great advocate of it. Today, however, we will learn about lifelong dedication, service and compassion – through the life of Professor Rosie Young Tse Tse.
Professor Young is a world-renowned medical educationist and researcher, and one of the foremost authorities on endocrinology globally. She is an Emeritus Professor and an Honorary Clinical Professor at the University of Hong Kong.
Many here know of how Professor Young’s decision to study medicine at the University of Hong Kong was based on her perception that she would be disadvantaged if she chose a discipline requiring either a strong language base or laboratory skills. As it turns out, the loss to the Arts and Sciences would be Medicine’s gain. She was conferred an MBBS in 1953 and an MD in 1959.
It is also widely known that Professor Alec MacFadzean, the founding Chair of HKU’s Department of Medicine, had great faith in Professor Young’s abilities and was a stalwart mentor of her professional development as a researcher. He cared so deeply about his patients that he would sometimes pay for their treatment when they couldn’t afford it themselves – this left a deep impression on Professor Young. These are qualities that she never forgot, and indeed, they have shaped the way she herself has lived and worked.
Mr Pro-Chancellor, Professor Young also has a habit of being first! She wants to be first, but not in an aggressive or superior manner. In many cases, she was just ahead of the curve, or started before everyone else.
Professor Young joined the University’s Department of Medicine in 1954, and was appointed Professor of Medicine in 1974. In 1983, we witnessed one of her ‘firsts’ – she became Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, the first woman to hold the position. She also served the University from 1985-1993 as Pro-Vice-Chancellor and Senior Pro-Vice-Chancellor.
She ploughed new ground as a researcher and became one of the world’s leading authorities in endocrinology, Professor Young has published over 100 papers in international peer review scientific journals, on endocrinology, diabetes, and carbohydrate metabolism. She has made immense contributions to research in diabetes mellitus, carbohydrate metabolism in liver disease, thyrotoxicosis and thyrotoxic periodic paralysis.
Another first was in 1959 when Professor Young became the first Hong Kong medic to qualify for Membership of the Royal College of Physicians in London and Edinburgh in 1959. She subsequently contributed to the profession and by 1995, she had served as Chairman of, inter alia, the Medical Council of Hong Kong, the Working Party in Primary Health Care in Hong Kong, the Hospital Governing Committee of Princess Margaret Hospital, and the Education Commission.
It was in that same year, 1995, that the University of Hong Kong conferred upon her an honorary degree, to recognise and celebrate her already considerable achievements.
What we perhaps didn’t realise was that Professor Young was just getting started! Early in her career, she may have seemed to be a star sprinter. She turned out to be a champion long-distance runner.
Teaching and research continued to be her priorities. Indeed, many of Professor Young’s students have gone on to become not just medical practitioners or academics, but also leaders in other fields as well. These include the Honorable Dr York Y N Chow, Former Secretary for Food and Health; the Honourable Dr Ko Wing Man, the former Secretary for Food and Health of the HKSAR government; Professor John Leong, Chairman of the Hospital Authority, and many others in Hong Kong and around the world.
Her students remember her as relentlessly dedicated to her work. She spent long hours in the hospital each day, almost every day of the week, looking after patients and performing laboratory work long after everyone had gone home.
In another first, some eighty of Professor Young’s former students, patients and friends came together in 2005 to establish an HKU Endowed Professorship in her name – the Rosie T T Young Professorship in Endocrinology and Metabolism – a moving and powerful testament to their deep respect and affection for her.
Her commitment to her students and her discipline has been matched by her loyalty to her alma mater, which has also been lifelong and exemplary. She was the first at HKU to be presented with the forty years’ Long Service Award, having started her career at a young age for academics. After four decades of dedicated service at HKU that included teaching, research and administrative leadership, Professor Young retired in 1999. Yet her involvement with the University continued. She was appointed Emeritus Professor in 2000, and is currently a member of the University’s Council. She is also the Chairman of the HKU Foundation, and diligently meets with alumni in Hong Kong and overseas – travelling to visit alumni groups in the UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
She has continued with her public service, too, and has served as a member of the Chevening Scholarship Board of Admission of the British Council, and of the Health, Welfare and Food Bureau’s Research Council for Health and Health Services Research Fund, its Research Fund for the Control of Infectious Diseases, and its Medical Assessment Board.
She has been a member of the HKSAR appointed SARS Expert Committee, and the HKSAR appointed Monitoring Committee on Implementation of the SARS Expert Committee Report’s Recommendations.
Professor Young’s achievements and contributions have been widely recognised in the Hong Kong and international communities. She has been conferred honorary degrees by the Open University of Hong Kong, the City University of Hong Kong and Hong Kong Shue Yan University, and is an Honorary Fellow of the Hong Kong College of Physicians, the Hong Kong College of Family Physicians and the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine. Internationally, she is a Fellow of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of London and of Edinburgh, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow and the Royal Australasian College of Physicians. Professor Young has been an overseas advisor to the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and a Council Member of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians.
Professor Young was also appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1971, and awarded an OBE in 1987, a CBE in 1996, a GBS in 2002 and GBM in 2018.
Mr Pro-Chancellor, in recognition of her exemplary contributions to medicine, her lifetime of loyalty to the University, and her boundless compassion and humanity, it gives me great pleasure to present our distinguished colleague and loyal alumna Professor Rosie Young for the Honorary University Fellowship.
https://www4.hku.hk/honfellows/honorary-university-fellows/professor-rosie-tse-tse-young
自小不喜歡塗脂抹粉，日治時代，她10歲開外小女孩，上街還可以素淨着臉孔，大幾歲的姐姐，則要用炭把臉蛋抹黑，免被日軍垂涎。…1947年她在大學入學試（matriculation examination）考得全港第三名，拿政府獎學金以16歲之齡進入香港大學醫學院就讀。因為戰爭停課，她通共跳了四班考進大學，名列前茅的是中英數再加高等數學（advanced mathematics）和宗教科。
雖然以五科高分考進醫學院，但其他理科科目，僅僅過關，讀醫，對她來說並不容易，但她沒有更好的選擇。楊紫芝祖父在內地因為當擔保人出問題而坐錢債監，18歲已成婚的紫芝爸爸，來港考進港大修讀政治，因為要賺取學費兼且供養內地妻子兒女，課餘要替富有人家子女補習。生活緊絀，過於勞累，最後一次大學考試不及格，因沒錢補考要輟學，一生引為憾事。…
可是，楊紫芝在醫學院第一次考試，生物科不及格，嚇得大哭，怕獎學金泡湯，失掉六年學費、書費及生活費。港大第一個陽光熾烈的暑假，她天天在實驗室劏鯊魚和青蛙，結果補考成功，一切又回復正常。
跟着幾年，當時設在本部大樓陸佑堂同一層的圖書館，成為四十年代末至五十年代初的大學女醫科生楊紫芝的快樂天地。比她大幾年的同學都去游水打網球開派對，她卻天天鑽研書本。看似枯燥的讀醫生涯，恰恰發生在小說一樣的殖民地大學時代。雖然無緣遇到張愛玲，但能把愛情寫得可生可死的韓素音，就是當時瑪麗醫院急症室主任，教楊紫芝急症一科。她記得女醫生語文能力優秀，樣子不錯，聽聞身邊男朋友也多，來港時，與已故丈夫育有一名女兒，楊紫芝偶然會跟小女孩玩一下。後來韓素音再婚，她與其他同學也被邀請出席婚禮。當時，楊紫芝知道這位醫生老師很努力寫作，但卻沒有想到老師是寫下《Love Is A Many-Splendored Thing》（後改編成電影《生死戀》）的著名作家。
從半世紀前的港大歲月走到今天，楊紫芝接受訪問，跟記者在荷花池對開一棵紫色花樹下經過，由莊月明樓漫步至儀禮堂（Eliot Hall）前面的月明泉，內科學系榮休女教授立時想起這位城中名人妻子的點滴，「我跟她很熟。」莊月明妹夫是個醫生，經他介紹，莊老太因為甲狀腺問題找楊紫芝診斷，莊月明經常陪媽媽看病，提到孝順女兒的結尾篇章，女教授立刻轉了話題。
張愛玲、韓素音及莊月明，都是在楊紫芝成長、學習及行醫大半生之中走過的香港女性身影，繁花開遍。今天，記者跟她在月明泉附近幾棵樹蔭坐下來，研究的不是醫學發展，也不要在樹下領悟驚世自然科學定律，對着內分泌權威女醫學教授，輕輕談一談年輕時候的愛情化學作用，又何妨。
「當然有，但不會告訴你。」
六十年代只及大腿的迷你裙，她穿過一次，但最迷人的年輕內容，卻是別人看不到的秘密。80多歲銀髮女士，青春歲月，也曾是別人的鏡中花，水中月。1958至1963年期間，她先後到格拉斯哥及劍橋當研究生。有一次，她又回英研究了，一個英國男同事到火車站專程接她。
「那當然是喜歡你，否則怎會來接車。」這是她說的。下一趟再去英國，她就不事先通知了。
「為何拒人千里？」其實這個問題人人明白。愛情酵素最會指揮人，要沉溺，要不過電，都是身不由己。有正義感的男人，一個西環都是，但有正義感得像二哥，而且又能令楊紫芝心動，這樣一種酵素可是個世紀發現，由她驗證，不用向外公佈。談情，跟找個伴是兩回事。你的情跟她的情，是兩個世界的事。所以，讀不懂人類學也要看通一部小說，社會就不一定會看單身是個問題。
「我看感情很寶貴，若果是天作之合，我會付出，但這是可遇不可求。可能沒有遇到一個令我動心的人，若有，我放棄一切也說不定的。」80多年後還要看自己是個遺憾的人，才叫人遺憾。女教授對感情問題，早有官式但不乏真心的答案。吹皺一池春水的都是局外人，她一直滿足於醫學事業發展。
53年畢業後得到內科講座教授麥花臣提攜，楊紫芝從他身上，看到做醫生的精神。五十年代，麥花臣為一個大腸熱老病人上門診斷，病情緊急，又沒有特效藥，他親自抱老人家下樓送到醫院去，結果自己也染病。知識、體能及在有需要時決定要不要捨己，這是醫生最高的天職。
也有一位老師，讓她上了重要一課。她記得有位外籍眼科教授為一個男病者治療，草根病人在檢查時，一時掌握不了睜開眼睛的方法，幾番周章，病人多，時間短，教授失去耐性，竟然一掌摑到病人臉上。人權意識不高的年代，病人對醫生既敬且畏，沒有反吼。但在場學習的楊紫芝，氣得拂袖而去，從此再不肯選他的課，「這樣一個人，怎值得我跟他學習。」
「你好有正義感。」記者說。
「有正義感就該立刻動手打他。我好想，但又害怕。」楊紫芝的對答，沒半點老人家腔調。現在她仍緊守不向病人發怒的戒律，「有時開了藥，他不吃，去看中醫，轉頭又回來看你，病情被延誤了，真的好想發怒。」這個時候，女教授醫生會向病人告辭一陣子，走出病房才自行引爆。
她把前院長麥花臣看成義父一樣，在他鼓勵下做研究，發表了多篇著名醫學論文，不時到英國講學。她對糖尿病早有權威研究，包括掌握中國人在糖尿病的病發率及併發症，肝癌病人為何會血糖低，食糖太多為何會令四肢癱瘓，以及男人甲狀腺問題等。但最終，她沒有按恩師所言繼續做研究。
83年楊紫芝獲選為第一位女性的醫學院院長，85年又被前校長黃麗松邀請擔任第一位女性副校長。
「為何不做研究改做行政，是不是虛榮，要做最有權的那一個？」她對此有一套看法。七十及八十年代的大學研究經費不足，醫學科研發展空間不算大，在這樣的情況下發展也有局限。
「寫一篇出色論文，讓人讚賞一下，不也可以是一種虛榮嗎？」人生的路，最終是自己走的。聖經說：There is a time for everything，楊紫芝自小信奉天主教，感受特深。
萬物有時，笑有時，哭有時，聚有時，散有時。有醫學地位，有人緣，肯承擔，到了適當時間，她不做研究做行政，但始終沒有放下教書的職務，所以，半個世紀以來的港大醫學院畢業生，幾乎沒有不是她的學生。來自馬來西亞怡保的楊永強，每次從老家回港，或會帶她一包怡保土產花生。黃麗松退休後，長子在劍橋讀醫，曾到港大上選修科，「他（黃麗松）有時找不着兒子，打電話給我，多半會找到。」老家也在怡保的王賡武，89年六四前夕正在海外，當時楊紫芝署任校長，六四那天，學生打電話到她家要求取消翌日的考試，但她把責任推搪到王賡武身上，結果，學生當晚11時打電話給剛返港的王賡武，考試就取消了。
「那一次，真是passing the buck（推卸責任），是我沒吉士。」那一年的政治風雨，百年不遇，大學殿堂再深，跟社會政治其實默默相連，政治觸覺不可少，20多年後，徐立之在前年8.18風波的處境，她認為大家看在眼裏，又是上了一課。說到從特首辦回到醫學院的梁卓偉接替李心平出任醫學院院長，楊紫芝看到年輕41歲的好處，也明白掌握政治的必要性。她說，醫學院正值劃時代的擴張，準備在黃竹坑及深圳興建新醫院，新任院長，極需年輕魄力及膽識，還要與內地方面溝通，按她所知，這個重大挑戰，也令不少有意問鼎院長的人卻步。說到學術地位，梁卓偉的公共衞生學術研究，因為範疇不同，並非在《Science》及《Nature》等權威醫學期刊刋出，但她認為，當院長主要角色不是帶領研究，最重要處事公平公正，並且要有溝通手腕，統合各專科合作，是未來醫學院發展重要課題。「我們當學者的，不會太激進，不會掟蕉，用誠意溝通，最終可以理服人。」她認為梁卓偉當務之急，是要籌組適合人選組織院長「新內閣」班底。
香港開始進入新政治局面，曾經是最高學府的署任校長及醫學院院長，楊紫芝支持民主普選，但她80多歲人，怎也弄不明白那種不認自己是中國人的思維。
她那一代人，做事永遠踏實靠自己。八十年代盤算買碧瑤灣一個千呎單位，百多萬元樓價，老實教授思維，欠人一分債，不還不痛快。女院長認定要一手交樓，一手繳清樓價全數。可是她又捨不得舒適的二千多呎海景大學宿舍，最終擱置買樓，結果與香港人一起坐看九十年代人心虛怯、樓價狂飆的末世風情。後來，她放棄準備染髮過日辰的移民計劃，99年樓價高峯剛過，買下港島一千七百呎的單位，這一趟是不是全數支付，她沒有再說。
沒有權投票選舉政府、但有權投資買樓的虛假精神滿足，這世紀已經失去魔力。正如九十年代初教統會計劃訪京，名單內的張文光被拒諸門外，主席楊紫芝不接受訪問成員被篩選，撇脫取消行程，這也是一種香港人的性格。經歷89、97，沒有人敢說自己充滿政治智慧，但最少我們學會公道。
楊紫芝2000年於港大榮休後，至今依然看病教書。訪問環節裏，跟她同遊港大校園，神遊她的70年黃金歲月。看到要上樓梯，教授不怕氣喘，只怕腳軟。體力退減，思路清晰，記者旁聽她的導修課，全大學最年長女教授反應敏捷，還能說笑話：「他是個75歲的男病人，不要告訴我，那事情跟月經有關。」因為出自楊紫芝口，這個絕對不算「爛gag」，她的80歲幽默，20來歲的男女醫科學生都開懷笑了。
活生生的醫書，越老越好看。一世認真，說到真實年齡，女教授總是故意搞不清。80出頭，皮膚還好，兩個眼袋，為何不找同僚動動小手術呢？
「千萬不要呀，有些人做到像個假公仔。」她反對注射荷爾蒙，恐怕女人容易有乳癌，男人容易前列腺出問題。「多做運動，會產生growth hormone，也會令人好看。」
好看跟青春是不一樣的。但日子走得越多，看的越多，智慧也越多，有些人，一世難求。
記者：冼麗婷 攝影：馬泉崇 程志遠
Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing (song)
“Love is a Many-Splendored Thing" was one of the first songs written for a movie to become No. 1 in the charts in the same year.Here is a sample of the song’s lyrics:
Love is nature’s way of giving
a reason to be living,
The golden crown that makes a man a king.
In the film, charged romantic moments occur on a high grassy, windswept hill in Hong Kong. In the bittersweet final scene on the hilltop, the song recalls the earlier encounters:
Once on a high and windy hill,
In the morning mist, Two lovers kissed,
And the world stood still.
訪問中，楊紫芝自認她在一九七一年發假誓，當時港英政權委任其為太平紳士，獲此銜頭者必須發誓效忠香港政府及英國政府，楊氏稱：「我心就話，雖然我係忠於香港（港英）政府，始終我係中國人。（如果）中國同英國打仗，我就會倒轉槍頭幫番中國啦。」
https://www.localpresshk.com/2018/07/rosie-young-tse-tse/
陳慕華教授現任英屬哥倫比亞大學醫學部名譽教授。她如此評價楊教授：
「在醫學界，我和很多女性一直視楊教授為榜樣和力量源泉。其時，女性的角色僅限於家庭。然而作為一位女性，楊教授可謂鳳毛麟角，她不僅把從醫作為終身事業，而且還投身競爭激烈的醫學研究。學術研究嚴謹，研究者必須擅于病人護理、教學與科研。對於當時女性而言，獲得學界認可絕非易事。楊教授在內分泌學的原創性研究獲得公開認可，足以彰顯其卓越成就和重要意義。」
身為學生，我們發現楊教授每天都在醫院裡度過漫長時間照顧病人，從週一至週日，風雨無阻。下班後她常留在實驗室專心致志工作。她對病人的奉獻精神和研究工作的熱忱，一直是大家學習的典範。楊教授循循善誘，誨人不倦，透過言傳身教，教導我們忠於職守、鞠躬盡瘁奉獻給學系和大學之重要意義。
為了港大莘莘學子的利益和福祉，楊教授奔走在各個領域，以各種各樣的身份無私奉獻自己，服務於多個委員會。縱然工作繁重，楊教授總是任勞任怨、毫無怨言。對待工作，她總是充滿激情，不知疲倦。為了港人的福祉，她不惜犧牲私人時間服務大眾，我們感激之至！
http://stu.hksyu.edu/~newsletter/?p=2325
五七年畢業的陳方安生，當晚被一眾師妹圍着合照。自從在政府退休後，她定期都會返母校與師妹見面傾偈，對聖心感情深厚。不過這位鐵娘子，原來當年亦曾因上堂不留心而被罰，可見聖心管教有多嚴。「所有修女都好嚴，罰抄、罰企、打手板都試過。」陳太說。不過嚴師出高徒，修女所教導的處事認真、貢獻社會等價值觀，令陳太一生受用。
https://eastweek.my-magazine.me/main/9543
對於自己多年來對社會的貢獻，楊教授輕描淡寫地說：「我有能力、機會和時間去做，是應該的。」她對香港這個生於斯、長於斯的地方感情深厚：「這裏傳媒開放，不會以言入罪，有才能便有發展機會，窮人也可以入大學。我在這裏得到很多，應該回饋社會。」
楊教授自少受父母和師長薰陶，培養出積極的人生觀。她說父親疼愛家人，亂時要照顧十多名逃難的親戚，縱然擔子沉重，但毫無怨言。母親則教導她要做知足和有用的人。大哥與癌病搏鬥時，表現出無比的勇氣，處處以家庭為重。二哥為人 正直而且見義勇為，但不幸死於車禍。而她的恩師、港大醫學院 Alec MacFadzean 教授不時自掏腰包幫助窮困的病人，更是她的楷模。
Thank you for your kind words.
I do not know whether Dr. Lo is a Christian.
Incidentally Gabriel was not my student. He graduated from UK
Rosie Young
Subject: 達安輝醫生 .pdf; Medical ethics in the pandemic
Dear Prof Young,
Thank you very much for your kind and touching sharings and teachings yesterday at the conference about medical ethics of doctors during the pandemic.
You said that if there was just one ventilating support, what should the doctor do? How should the doctor decide to give this machine to which patient, among the many? Even if there was a very objective assessment like calculation of scores to help doctors to make the decision, the doctors cannot know whether the selected patient will survive. Only God knows whether the patient can be cured or not. Doctors are not God. Patients rely on doctors when they are very sick, but doctors are only human beings. It is important to rely on God. Only God knows you. Only God knows your fate.
You also mentioned that doctors should not strike. You will not vote for those who support the strike. Doctors should be responsible for their acts, as patients will be harmed if doctors are on strike. Christians are like that. If Christians do not work, others will suffer. Doctors and Christians should treasure the chances given by God to help people in need. Patients are sick and are dying. Doctors should work and help immediately, instead of doing nothing, arguing for self interest. It is selfish to fight or complain for self interest. Doctors who are on strike and who do nothing are selfish, that should not be supported. Doctors should not work for self or self-interest. Doctors should work for the benefits of patients, for others, and for the society.
When you work as a doctor, you do not mind working overtime. You have been making a lot of sacrifices for others, to look after patients, to teach medical students when some students might dislike you for having lessons on holidays or late in the evenings, and when you do research to help patients. You are a role model for medical students, doctors, Christian/Catholic doctors and Christians/Catholics to learn. We should love one another, as Jesus loves each one of us. We should not be selfish, and should not be greedy. If we keep on complaining and focusing on things that we do not have, we are unhappy. If we use our strengths and blessings to help others, we are happy. You love your students including Prof Gabriel Leung who is a Christian. You said that he is suitable to be the dean of medical school because he has the passion, and he has very good communication skills, although his research papers are not published in the best journals like Nature.
You said that your student Prof Lo Chung Mau is also very good. He chooses to work in the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, as he wants to help the wider community, to help the University of Hong Kong, to help patients and citizens in Hong Kong, and to give contributions to our beloved home country China. Prof Lo can earn a lot more money if he works in the private sector, as he is the top surgeon curing liver diseases. However, he has been making a lot of sacrifices, facing many unnecessary criticisms from the public and media, and very large stress. Why? Because he does not work for self, and he works to help others and the country.
Many thanks for your kind teachings again. I like reading your interviews that are very touching. You mentioned that you failed the first examination in medical school. You were worried that you might lose the scholarship and could not complete the University. You worked very hard afterwards and you passed the exam. Your sharings have been very encouraging to many medical students who fail in examinations. Your sharings have also been very useful to me who fail examinations many times. I failed my first attempt in the part 1 fellowship of the Hong Kong College of Psychiatrists, and I also failed in my part 2 examination in the Hong Kong College of Community Medicine. Later, I passed the part 2 exam of Psychiatry and the part 3 exam of Public Health Medicine.
Just wonder if Prof Lo is also a Christian or Catholic? His acts show his love to others and to China. Many thanks.
prof. Todd was a Christian
My parents were not
RY
I think he went to St. John’s cathedral
Rosie Young
My favourite movie is A Tale of two Cities
RY
於2020年9月17日 上午9:51寫道：
My favourite author is Charles Dickens and my favourite books are those about Abraham Lincoln
Rosie Young
———-
My favourite movie is A Tale of two Cities
RY
———-
《雙城記》（英語：A Tale of Two Cities）是英國作家查爾斯·狄更斯所著的一部以法國大革命為背景所寫成的長篇歷史小說，情節感人肺腑，是世界文學經典名著之一，故事中將巴黎、倫敦兩個大城市連結起來，圍繞著曼奈特醫生一家和以德法奇夫婦為首的聖安東尼區展開故事。小說里描寫了貴族如何敗壞、如何殘害百姓，人民心中積壓對貴族的刻骨仇恨，導致了不可避免的法國大革命，以及隨後革命黨人對前貴族採取的殘暴行為。本書的主要思想是為了愛而自我犧牲，書名中的「雙城」指的是巴黎與倫敦。
1775年11月，巴黎醫生曼奈特（Dr. Alexandre Manette）被厄弗里蒙地侯爵兄弟強迫出診，看到一對姐弟氣絕的慘狀。弟弟在臨死前將侯爵兄弟二人對自己家族的迫害告訴了醫生，自己的姐夫和父親如何因這二人的關係死去和自己的姐姐受到了怎樣的迫害。曼奈特寫信向國王告發，不幸這封信落到侯爵兄弟手中。最後曼奈特以政治犯身份被關進巴士底監獄，2年後妻子憂鬱以終，女兒露西·曼奈特（Lucie Manette）被好友勞雷接到倫敦撫養。曼奈特在監獄中度過18年後釋放，得他以前的僕人德法奇（Ernest Defarge）收留，德法奇開了一家酒店，是革命活動的聯絡站，他的妻子將法國貴族的暴行記錄在圍巾上。曼奈特的女兒露西接他去英國倫敦居住，路上遇到侯爵的兒子查爾斯·丹尼。
查爾斯·丹尼（Charles Darnay）和雪尼·卡頓（Sydney Carton）外貌相似，但性格卻完全不同。丹尼是法國貴族後裔，但是他對其家族壓迫勞動者的行為感到不滿，他放棄財產的繼承權，一人在倫敦謀生，是一名法語教師。卡頓是一個有才華但憤世嫉俗的英國律師。兩人愛上了同一個女人，露西·曼奈特愛上了丹尼，兩人在曼奈特醫生同意後結婚。丹尼的雙親相繼去世，叔父厄弗里蒙地侯爵因為壓死農夫的小孩，被孩子的父親一刀殺死。
法國大革命爆發，巴黎人民攻陷巴士底監獄，已經繼承家業的丹尼為保護舊日的管家蓋白勒，冒險趕回時局紛亂的巴黎，一到巴黎就被捕入獄。得知消息後露西與曼奈特醫生也一起趕到巴黎，曼奈特醫生利用其老政治犯的威望拯救被囚禁的丹尼。雖然丹尼最後重獲自由，但是很快又因被人檢舉而重新入獄，檢舉人竟然是曾經幫助過曼奈特醫生的德法奇夫人（Teresa Defarge/Madame Defarge），一位堅定的女革命者。
法庭上，德法奇夫人遞交了關鍵性的證據：曼奈特醫生獄中所寫的一份有關入獄經過的血書。原來曼奈特醫生因檢舉厄弗里蒙地（Evrémonde）家族（丹尼的世家）的醜聞事件，這份血書最後卻判處丹尼死刑。這時一直愛慕露西的雪尼‧卡頓也來到巴黎，為了幫助心上人的愛人，他買通獄卒，潛入監獄，將丹尼迷暈，並頂替他，並且最後被處死，而丹尼一家則得以逃出法國，抵達倫敦。
人物介紹
曼奈特醫生（Dr. Alexandre Manette），一位老政治犯。
露西·曼奈特（Lucie Manette），曼奈特醫生的女兒。
查爾斯·丹尼（Charles Darnay），厄弗裡蒙地侯爵 (Marquis of Evrémonde) 的姪子，愛上露西·曼奈特。
雪尼‧卡頓（Sydney Carton），一位憤世嫉俗的律師，愛上露西·曼奈特。
德法奇（Ernest Defarge），曼奈特醫生舊日的僕人。
德法奇夫人（Madame Defarge/Teresa Defarge），一位堅定的女革命者。
約翰·拔沙（John Barsad），一位間諜。他的真實名字是索羅門（Solomon Pross） ，是波希小姐（Miss Pross）的哥哥。
波希小姐（Miss Pross），露西的保姆。
羅傑·錫利（Roger Cly），另一位間諜，約翰·拔沙的夥伴
《雙城記》通過革命中一個家庭的遭遇，譴責革命的殘暴，但同時又揭露了革命前貴族對普通勞動者的殘酷行徑。書的開卷語，「那是最美好的時代，那是最糟糕的時代」（It was the best of times. It was the worst of times）已經成為文學史中的經典名句。本書的最後，雪尼‧卡頓（Sydney Carton）走上斷頭台之前回憶說：「我現在做的遠比我所做過的一切都美好；我將獲得的休息遠比我所知道的一切都甜蜜。」（It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known）。同樣是非常經典。
1928年，長期與林紓合作的翻譯夥伴魏易獨力將《雙城記》譯成中文，取名為《二城故事》。
《雙城記》雖是虛構的故事，卻是用來了解與解讀法國大革命的最佳入門書。
《雙城記》結構完整，言詞簡練，而狄更斯對革命與人性的深度思考和令人嘆為觀止的寫作才華，更是在其中發揮得淋灕盡致。
——-
Righteous indignation stemming from his own situation and the conditions under which working-class people lived became major themes of his works, and it was this unhappy period in his youth to which he alluded in his favourite, and most autobiographical, novel, David Copperfield:[30] “I had no advice, no counsel, no encouragement, no consolation, no assistance, no support, of any kind, from anyone, that I can call to mind, as I hope to go to heaven!“[31]
——-
Religious views
As a young man Dickens expressed a distaste for certain aspects of organised religion. In 1836, in a pamphlet titled Sunday Under Three Heads, he defended the people’s right to pleasure, opposing a plan to prohibit games on Sundays. “Look into your churches- diminished congregations and scanty attendance. People have grown sullen and obstinate, and are becoming disgusted with the faith which condemns them to such a day as this, once in every seven. They display their feeling by staying away [from church]. Turn into the streets [on a Sunday] and mark the rigid gloom that reigns over everything around."
Dickens honoured the figure of Christ.[81] He is regarded as a professing Christian.[82] His son, Henry Fielding Dickens, described him as someone who “possessed deep religious convictions". In the early 1840s, he had shown an interest in Unitarian Christianity and Robert Browning remarked that “Mr Dickens is an enlightened Unitarian.”[83] Professor Gary Colledge has written that he “never strayed from his attachment to popular lay Anglicanism".[84] Dickens authored a work called The Life of Our Lord (1846), which is a book about the life of Jesus Christ, written with the purpose of sharing his faith with his children and family.[85][86]
Dickens disapproved of Roman Catholicism and 19th-century evangelicalism, seeing both as extremes of Christianity and likely to limit personal expression, and was critical of what he saw as the hypocrisy of religious institutions and philosophies like spiritualism, all of which he considered deviations from the true spirit of Christianity, as shown in the book he wrote for his family in 1846…Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoyevsky referred to Dickens as “that great Christian writer".
A printed epitaph circulated at the time of the funeral reads:
To the Memory of Charles Dickens (England’s most popular author) who died at his residence, Higham, near Rochester, Kent, 9 June 1870, aged 58 years. He was a sympathiser with the poor, the suffering, and the oppressed; and by his death, one of England’s greatest writers is lost to the world.
———
Book the First—Recalled to Life
I. The Period
It was the best of times,
it was the worst of times,
it was the age of wisdom,
it was the age of foolishness,
it was the epoch of belief,
it was the epoch of incredulity,
it was the season of Light,
it was the season of Darkness,
it was the spring of hope,
it was the winter of despair,
we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way— in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only.
There were a king with a large jaw and a queen with a plain face, on the throne of England; there were a king with a large jaw and a queen with a fair face, on the throne of France. In both countries it was clearer than crystal to the lords of the State preserves of loaves and fishes, that things in general were settled for ever.
It was the year of Our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five. Spiritual revelations were conceded to England at that favoured period, as at this. Mrs. Southcott had recently attained her five-and-twentieth blessed birthday, of whom a prophetic private in the Life Guards had heralded the sublime appearance by announcing that arrangements were made for the swallowing up of London and Westminster. Even the Cock-lane ghost had been laid only a round dozen of years, after rapping out its messages, as the spirits of this very year last past (supernaturally deficient in originality) rapped out theirs. Mere messages in the earthly order of events had lately come to the English Crown and People, from a congress of British subjects in America: which, strange to relate, have proved more important to the human race than any communications yet received through any of the chickens of the Cock-lane brood.
France, less favoured on the whole as to matters spiritual than her sister of the shield and trident, rolled with exceeding smoothness down hill, making paper money and spending it. Under the guidance of her Christian pastors, she entertained herself, besides, with such humane achievements as sentencing a youth to have his hands cut off, his tongue torn out with pincers, and his body burned alive, because he had not kneeled down in the rain to do honour to a dirty procession of monks which passed within his view, at a distance of some fifty or sixty yards. It is likely enough that, rooted in the woods of France and Norway, there were growing trees, when that sufferer was put to death, already marked by the Woodman, Fate, to come down and be sawn into boards, to make a certain movable framework with a sack and a knife in it, terrible in history. It is likely enough that in the rough outhouses of some tillers of the heavy lands adjacent to Paris, there were sheltered from the weather that very day, rude carts, bespattered with rustic mire, snuffed about by pigs, and roosted in by poultry, which the Farmer, Death, had already set apart to be his tumbrils of the Revolution. But that Woodman and that Farmer, though they work unceasingly, work silently, and no one heard them as they went about with muffled tread: the rather, forasmuch as to entertain any suspicion that they were awake, was to be atheistical and traitorous.
XV. The Footsteps Die Out For Ever
She kisses his lips; he kisses hers; they solemnly bless each other. The spare hand does not tremble as he releases it; nothing worse than a sweet, bright constancy is in the patient face. She goes next before him—is gone; the knitting-women count Twenty-Two.
“I am the Resurrection and the Life, saith the Lord: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: and whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall never die.”
The murmuring of many voices, the upturning of many faces, the pressing on of many footsteps in the outskirts of the crowd, so that it swells forward in a mass, like one great heave of water, all flashes away. Twenty-Three.
They said of him, about the city that night, that it was the peacefullest man’s face ever beheld there. Many added that he looked sublime and prophetic.
One of the most remarkable sufferers by the same axe—a woman—had asked at the foot of the same scaffold, not long before, to be allowed to write down the thoughts that were inspiring her. If he had given any utterance to his, and they were prophetic, they would have been these:
“I see Barsad, and Cly, Defarge, The Vengeance, the Juryman, the Judge, long ranks of the new oppressors who have risen on the destruction of the old, perishing by this retributive instrument, before it shall cease out of its present use. I see a beautiful city and a brilliant people rising from this abyss, and, in their struggles to be truly free, in their triumphs and defeats, through long years to come, I see the evil of this time and of the previous time of which this is the natural birth, gradually making expiation for itself and wearing out.
“I see the lives for which I lay down my life, peaceful, useful, prosperous and happy, in that England which I shall see no more. I see Her with a child upon her bosom, who bears my name. I see her father, aged and bent, but otherwise restored, and faithful to all men in his healing office, and at peace. I see the good old man, so long their friend, in ten years’ time enriching them with all he has, and passing tranquilly to his reward.
“I see that I hold a sanctuary in their hearts, and in the hearts of their descendants, generations hence. I see her, an old woman, weeping for me on the anniversary of this day. I see her and her husband, their course done, lying side by side in their last earthly bed, and I know that each was not more honoured and held sacred in the other’s soul, than I was in the souls of both.
“I see that child who lay upon her bosom and who bore my name, a man winning his way up in that path of life which once was mine. I see him winning it so well, that my name is made illustrious there by the light of his. I see the blots I threw upon it, faded away. I see him, fore-most of just judges and honoured men, bringing a boy of my name, with a forehead that I know and golden hair, to this place—then fair to look upon, with not a trace of this day’s disfigurement—and I hear him tell the child my story, with a tender and a faltering voice.
“It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known.”
——-
Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 to 1865. Lincoln led the nation through the American Civil War, the country’s greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. He succeeded in preserving the Union, abolishing slavery, bolstering the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy.
Lincoln was mostly self-educated, except for some schooling from itinerant teachers of less than 12 months aggregate.[26] He persisted as an avid reader and retained a lifelong interest in learning.[27] Family, neighbors, and schoolmates recalled that his reading included the King James Bible, Aesop’s Fables, John Bunyan‘s The Pilgrim’s Progress, Daniel Defoe‘s Robinson Crusoe, and The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin.
In 1839, Lincoln met Mary Todd in Springfield, Illinois, and the following year they became engaged.[42] She was the daughter of Robert Smith Todd, a wealthy lawyer and businessman in Lexington, Kentucky.[43] A wedding set for January 1, 1841 was canceled at Lincoln’s request, but they reconciled and married on November 4, 1842, in the Springfield mansion of Mary’s sister.[44] While anxiously preparing for the nuptials, he was asked where he was going and replied, “To hell, I suppose."[45] In 1844, the couple bought a house in Springfield near his law office. Mary kept house with the help of a hired servant and a relative.
The deaths of their sons, Eddie and Willie, had profound effects on both parents. Lincoln suffered from “melancholy“, a condition now thought to be clinical depression.[52] Later in life, Mary struggled with the stresses of losing her husband and sons, and Robert committed her for a time to an asylum in 1875.
Religious and philosophical beliefs

Abraham Lincoln, painting by George Peter Alexander Healy in 1869
As a young man, Lincoln was a religious skeptic.[292] He was deeply familiar with the Bible, quoting and praising it.[293] He was private about his position on organized religion and respected the beliefs of others.[294] He never made a clear profession of Christian beliefs.[295] Through his entire public career, Lincoln had a proneness for quoting Scripture.[296] His three most famous speeches – the House Divided Speech, the Gettysburg Address, and his second inaugural—each contain direct allusions to Providence and quotes from Scripture.
In the 1840s, Lincoln subscribed to the Doctrine of Necessity, a belief that the human mind was controlled by a higher power.[297] With the death of his son Edward in 1850 he more frequently expressed a dependence on God.[298] He never joined a church, although he frequently attended First Presbyterian Church with his wife beginning in 1852.[299][k]
…The death of son Willie in February 1862 may have caused him to look toward religion for solace.[301] After Willie’s death, he questioned the divine necessity of the war’s severity. He wrote at this time that God “could have either saved or destroyed the Union without a human contest. Yet the contest began. And having begun, He could give the final victory to either side any day. Yet the contest proceeds."[302]
Lincoln did believe in an all-powerful God that shaped events and by 1865 was expressing those beliefs in major speeches.[295] By the end of the war, he increasingly appealed to the Almighty for solace and to explain events, writing on April 4, 1864, to a newspaper editor in Kentucky:
I claim not to have controlled events, but confess plainly that events have controlled me. Now, at the end of three years struggle the nation’s condition is not what either party, or any man devised, or expected. God alone can claim it. Whither it is tending seems plain. If God now wills the removal of a great wrong, and wills also that we of the North as well as you of the South, shall pay fairly for our complicity in that wrong, impartial history will find therein new cause to attest and revere the justice and goodness of God.[303]
This spirituality can best be seen in his second inaugural address, considered by some scholars[304] as the greatest such address in American history, and by Lincoln himself as his own greatest speech, or one of them at the very least.[l][305] Lincoln explains therein the cause, purpose, and result of the war was God’s will.[306] Later in life, Lincoln’s frequent use of religious imagery and language might have reflected his own personal beliefs and might have been a device to reach his audiences, who were mostly evangelical Protestants.[307] On the day Lincoln was assassinated, he reportedly told his wife he desired to visit the Holy Land.

Lincoln in February 1865, two months before his death
Lincoln is believed to have had depression, smallpox, and malaria.[309] He took blue mass pills, which contained mercury, to treat constipation.[310] It is unknown to what extent he may have suffered from mercury poisoning.[311]
Several claims have been made that Lincoln’s health was declining before the assassination. These are often based on photographs of Lincoln appearing to show weight loss and muscle wasting.
In the 21st century, President Barack Obama named Lincoln his favorite president and insisted on using Lincoln’s Bible for his inaugural ceremonies.
In 1864, some former slaves in Maryland presented Lincoln with a gift of a Bible. According to one report, Lincoln replied:
In regard to this great book, I have but to say, it is the best gift God has given to man. All the good the Saviour gave to the world was communicated through this book. But for it we could not know right from wrong. All things most desirable for man’s welfare, here and hereafter, are to be found portrayed in it.
When his son died, Lincoln reportedly said, “May God live in all. He was too good for this earth. The good Lord has called him home. I know that he is much better off in Heaven."
During his 1846 run for the House of Representatives, in order to dispel accusations concerning his religious beliefs, Lincoln issued a handbill stating that he had “never denied the truth of the Scriptures".
The same theological allegory was to be prominent in Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address in March 1865:
Both [North and South] read the same Bible, and pray to the same God; and each invokes His aid against the other. It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just God’s assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men’s faces; but let us judge not that we be not judged. The prayers of both could not be answered; that of neither has been answered fully. The Almighty has His own purposes.
No human counsel hath devised nor hath any mortal hand worked out these great things. They are the gracious gifts of the Most High God, who, while dealing with us in anger for our sins, hath nevertheless remembered mercy. It has seemed to me fit and proper that they should be solemnly, reverently and gratefully acknowledged as with one heart and one voice by the whole American People. I do therefore invite my fellow citizens in every part of the United States, and also those who are at sea and those who are sojourning in foreign lands, to set apart and observe the last Thursday of November next, as a day of Thanksgiving and Praise to our beneficent Father who dwelleth in the Heavens.[41]
In December 1863, Lincoln’s Secretary of the Treasury decided on a new motto, “In God We Trust," to engrave on U.S. coins…
When a pious minister told Lincoln he “hoped the Lord is on our side," the president responded, “I am not at all concerned about that…. But it is my constant anxiety and prayer that I and this nation should be on the Lord’s side."
The pastor of a church in Freeport, Illinois, in November 1864, said that a man from Illinois visited Lincoln in the White House and, after conducting other business, asked the president if he loved Jesus. The pastor said that Lincoln buried his face in his handkerchief as tears came to his eyes and then answered:
When I left home to take this chair of state, I requested my countrymen to pray for me. I was not then a Christian. When my son died, the severest trial of my life, I was not a Christian. But, when I went to Gettysburg and looked upon the graves of our dead heroes who had fallen in defense of their country, I then and there consecrated myself to Christ. Yes, I do love Jesus.
Another Bible owned by Lincoln was used by both former President Obama and President Trump at their inaugurations.
To make decision now 